PASCHAL ENDESH ONLINE ACADEMY GEOGRAPHY 1 OPENING SCHOOL JOINT EXAM (With Marking Scheme)

UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
PASCHAL ENDESH ONLINE ACADEMY

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GEOGRAPHY 1
OPENING SCHOOL JOINT EXAM
(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3.00 Hours 2025

Instructions

1. This paper consists of Sections A and B with a total of Seven (7) questions.
2. Answer a total of five (5) questions. Two questions from Section A and three questions from Section B. Question number one is compulsory.
3. In Section A, question number one carries twenty-five (25) marks and the other two carry fifteen (15) marks each, while in Section B, each question carries twenty (20) marks.
4. Credit will be given for the use of relevant sketch maps and diagrams.
5. Map extract of KIMAMBA (Sheet 182/3) is provided.
6. Non-programmable calculators may be used.
7. Cellular phones and any authorized materials are not allowed in the examination room.
8. Write your Examination Name(s) on every page of your answer booklet(s).

Page 1 of 4

S/N	Q.n Selected (√)	SCORE(S)	EXAMINER'S INITIALS
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TOTAL

SECTION A (40 MARKS)

Answer a total of two (2) questions. Question number one (1) is compulsory.

1. Mr. Mawingu is a senior geography teacher at Malaika high school. One day he introduced a lesson on soil erosion to his students. He sent them out for a geography field study. He asked them to go and find out the history of how their grandparents-controlled soil erosion. The teacher divided them into groups, Mmbaga, Kinyunyu, Ruhaza, Wangwe, Magesa, Msangi and Ngatta were put in one group and went into village for their research. They found an old man who verbally interacted with them in collection of their data. From this scenario, answer the following questions below;

(a)

Propose the technique employed by the students in the collection of data.

(b)

Explain the basic five (5) principles of the proposed technique in (a) above.

(c)

Suggest two positive tentative guess which could be generated by students.

(d)

Describe four (4) non-probability sampling techniques commonly used in research process.

(e)

Using four (4) points, differentiate the given research technique of data collection from schedule research tool.

(f)

With reference to the knowledge acquired from field research strategies, point out four (4) advantages of primary data.

2. By using a Bowditch rule, demonstrate how would you close the misclosure of the given traverse.

A 500m
↓
Misclosure
A1
250m
D 450m
B
300m
C

3. Study carefully the map extract of KIMAMBA (Sheet 182/3) provided and answer the questions that follows;

a)

Suppose a hunter was standing at Tindiga school compound at grid reference 907406 and he saw an antelope at grid reference 870380. Using bearing and direction method, locate the position an antelope.

b)

With concrete evidences from the map, comment on the type of climate experienced by the people living in the area.

c)

Using two (2) points, explain why are seasonal swamps significant for the local environment?

d)

In reference to a grid square method, determine the area of the whole map in kilometer squares.

e)

In January, 2005, a Geography teacher recorded Magnetic Bearing and True Bearing of Marian Boys as 120°35'11" and 119°00'00" respectively. After five years, a teacher wanted to know Magnetic Variations of the same place but he noticed that the Magnetic north changes its position at the rate of 3W per annum. Help a teacher to find the following;

(i) Magnetic Variation of the school in January, 2005.
(ii) Magnetic Variation of the school after stated five years.
(iii) Magnetic Variation of the school by 2010 January; if the rate of change was 3'E.

SECTION B (60 MARKS)

Answer a total of three (3) questions from this Section

4.

Agricultural experts from Sokoine University of Agriculture were quoted saying that "Soil formation is a process that involves the interaction between the soil forming factors and processes" With examples, present any eight (8) significance of soil forming processes in the development of soil to elaborate your statement.

5.

Appearance of water masses are of different forms such as surface water masses, deep water masses, subtropical water masses and polar water masses. Polar water masses are cold water masses found in polar regions mainly in frozen particles (solid form). Examine eight (8) landforms associated with melting of frozen particles in the polar highland regions.

6.

Wind erosion and depositions are responsible wind mechanisms in developing landscapes in arid and semi-arid regions. Using six (6) points, describe landforms associated with wind deflation and wind abrasion processes in the desert.

7.

In recent years, the World has recorded large number of extreme weather events such as heat waves, heavy rains, wild fires and storms which indicates the global climatic changes on the planet earth. Using eight (8) points, explain the evidences of the past climate.

Page 4 of 4

Geography 1 Opening School Joint Exam Answers

Question 1

(a)

The technique employed by the students was oral interviews or field interviews.

(b)

Five principles of oral interviews:

1. Establish rapport - Build trust with the interviewee
2. Ask clear questions - Use simple, understandable language
3. Active listening - Pay full attention to responses
4. Record accurately - Take notes or record the conversation
5. Respect cultural norms - Follow local customs and traditions

(c)

Two positive tentative guesses:

1. Traditional methods of soil erosion control were more effective than modern techniques
2. Community participation in soil conservation was stronger in the past

(d)

Four non-probability sampling techniques:

1. Purposive sampling - Selecting specific individuals who meet criteria
2. Snowball sampling - Existing subjects recruit future subjects
3. Convenience sampling - Choosing readily available participants
4. Quota sampling - Selecting based on predetermined characteristics

(e)

Differences between interviews and schedule research tool:

1. Interviews are flexible while schedules are rigid
2. Interviews allow follow-up questions, schedules don't
3. Interviews can capture non-verbal cues, schedules can't
4. Interviews are more time-consuming than schedules

(f)

Advantages of primary data:

1. More accurate and reliable
2. Specific to research objectives
3. Up-to-date information
4. Allows for verification

Question 2

Using Bowditch rule to close traverse misclosure:

1. Calculate total misclosure in latitude and departure
2. Determine total length of traverse (500m + 300m + 450m + 250m = 1500m)
3. Apply correction to each leg proportionally:
   • Correction = (Misclosure × Length of leg) / Total length
4. Adjust coordinates accordingly
5. The sum of corrections should equal the misclosure

Question 3

a)

To locate the antelope:

1. Calculate difference in eastings (907 - 870 = 37) and northings (406 - 380 = 26)
2. Use tanθ = opposite/adjacent = 26/37
3. θ = tan⁻¹(26/37) ≈ 35°
4. Direction is SW (since both coordinates are decreasing)
5. Distance = √(37² + 26²) ≈ 45.1 grid units

b)

Climate evidence from map:

1. Presence of seasonal swamps suggests distinct wet/dry seasons
2. Vegetation patterns indicate moderate rainfall
3. Drainage patterns show intermittent streams (seasonal flow)
4. Likely tropical savanna climate with wet and dry seasons

c)

Significance of seasonal swamps:

1. Provide water storage during dry seasons
2. Support biodiversity and aquatic ecosystems

d)

Area calculation:

1. Count full grid squares (e.g., 10 × 10 = 100)
2. Add partial squares (estimated)
3. Multiply by area of one square (1km × 1km)
4. Total area ≈ [calculated value] km²

e)

(i) Magnetic Variation in Jan 2005 = Magnetic Bearing - True Bearing = 120°35'11" - 119°00'00" = 1°35'11" W

(ii) After 5 years at 3'W per year: 1°35'11" + (5 × 3') = 1°35'11" + 15' = 1°50'11" W

(iii) By 2010 at 3'E per year: 1°35'11" - (5 × 3') = 1°35'11" - 15' = 1°20'11" W

Question 4

Significance of soil forming processes:

1. Weathering breaks parent material into smaller particles
2. Organic matter accumulation improves soil fertility
3. Leaching transports minerals through soil profile
4. Illuviation deposits materials in lower horizons
5. Biological activity enhances nutrient cycling
6. Time allows development of distinct soil horizons
7. Climate determines rate of chemical reactions
8. Topography affects water movement and erosion

Question 5

Landforms from melting polar ice:

1. Eskers - winding ridges of stratified sand/gravel
2. Kames - steep-sided mounds of sediment
3. Outwash plains - flat areas of sorted sediment
4. Kettle lakes - depressions from melting ice blocks
5. Fjords - glacial valleys flooded by seawater
6. Cirques - amphitheater-shaped basins
7. Moraines - ridges of glacial till
8. Drumlins - streamlined hills of glacial debris

Question 6

Desert landforms from wind processes:

1. Deflation hollows - depressions from wind removal
2. Ventifacts - wind-polished rocks
3. Yardangs - streamlined rock ridges
4. Sand dunes - various shapes (barchan, transverse, etc.)
5. Loess deposits - fine wind-blown sediment
6. Desert pavement - surface of coarse fragments

Question 7

Evidence of past climate:

1. Ice cores - contain atmospheric gas samples
2. Tree rings - show growth patterns
3. Pollen analysis - reveals vegetation changes
4. Ocean sediments - contain microfossils
5. Coral reefs - growth bands record conditions
6. Glacial deposits - indicate ice extent
7. Historical records - documents of weather events
8. Landform features - like ancient shorelines