🌿 MOCK PREPARATION: BIOLOGY REVISION
Based on TIE Syllabus 2023 | Form One & Form Two | Competence-based questions covering all chapters
📚 Syllabus alignment + extra high-order tasks
🍎 Nutrition in animals
🧬 Digestive system
💧 Transport: Diffusion & Osmosis
🌳 Transport in plants
❤️ Mammalian transport
🌬️ Gas exchange & Respiration
🔬 Classification & Cells
🧪 Scientific skills & Food tests
🍏 Chapter 1: Nutrition in animals & balanced diet Form Two
Holozoic, saprophytic, symbiotic modes; nutrients, deficiency disorders, balanced diet & food tests.
Q1
a) Differentiate between holozoic, saprophytic and parasitic nutrition. Give one example of each.
b) Why are humans considered omnivores and opportunistic feeders?
b) Why are humans considered omnivores and opportunistic feeders?
Q2
A 3-year-old child shows wrinkled skin, swollen belly, extremely thin arms and reddish hair.
(i) Identify the nutritional disorder. (ii) What nutrient is lacking? (iii) Suggest meal plan to correct it.
(i) Identify the nutritional disorder. (ii) What nutrient is lacking? (iii) Suggest meal plan to correct it.
Q3
Explain the role of roughage and water in the human body. Why do pregnant women require extra folic acid and iron?
Q4
Using the food guide pyramid, describe how you would plan a day’s meal for a sedentary worker. What lifestyle modifications would you recommend to reduce obesity risk?
Q5
Mention the deficiency symptoms of vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron. How are they related to immune function?
Q6
(Syllabus extension) Explain the concept of “food fortification” and give two examples relevant to Tanzania (e.g., iodized salt). Why is it important in preventing micronutrient deficiencies?
Q7
Describe the Biuret test for proteins and the iodine test for starch. What results confirm presence of each nutrient?
🦷 Chapter 2: Digestive system (Human & Ruminants) Form Two
Enzymes, peristalsis, forestomach chambers, disorders: constipation, heartburn, ulcers.
Q8
Describe the path of a bolus from mouth to stomach. Include the roles of epiglottis and cardiac sphincter. What happens during heartburn?
Q9
a) Name the four chambers of a ruminant stomach. b) Which chamber is the “true stomach” and why? c) How do bacteria help cattle digest cellulose?
Q10
Complete the table: Enzyme, site of action, substrate & product (Salivary amylase, Pepsin, Lipase, Trypsin, Maltase).
Q11
Explain why the ileum is adapted for absorption (mention villi, blood supply, length, and thin epithelium). How are fatty acids and glycerol absorbed differently?
Q12
Mention two disorders of the digestive system caused by poor diet. Suggest preventive measures for dental caries and constipation.
Q13
(Syllabus-based) What is the function of bile? Why is emulsification of fats important? Where is bile stored?
💧 Chapter 3: Transport of materials – Diffusion, Osmosis, Mass flow Form Two
Concentration gradients, turgor, plasmolysis, haemolysis, importance in plants and animals.
Q14
A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What happens and why? How does a plant cell respond differently when placed in the same solution?
Q15
Define osmosis. Using a potato osmometer experiment, explain how you would demonstrate water movement into cells.
Q16
List four processes in human body that depend on diffusion (e.g., gas exchange in alveoli, nutrient absorption).
Q17
Freshwater amoeba lives in a hypotonic environment. How does the contractile vacuole help it survive? Relate to osmoregulation.
Q18
Differentiate between active transport and passive transport. Give an example of active transport in root hair cells.
Q19
(Syllabus extra) Explain why mass flow (bulk flow) is essential in phloem translocation and blood circulation, while diffusion alone is insufficient in large organisms.
🌱 Chapter 4: Transport in flowering plants Vascular bundles, transpiration, root pressure
Xylem, phloem, transpiration pull, guttation, monocot vs dicot stem anatomy.
Q20
Draw a labeled diagram of a dicot stem cross section. Show the arrangement of vascular bundles in a ring. How does this differ from a monocot stem?
Q21
Describe how water absorbed by root hairs reaches the xylem. Mention apoplast and symplast pathways.
Q22
Explain transpiration pull, capillarity, and root pressure as mechanisms of water ascent. Which one dominates during daytime?
Q23
List four environmental factors that affect transpiration rate and explain how each factor influences water loss.
Q24
Differentiate between guttation and transpiration (time, form of water, opening structures). Why does guttation occur at night?
Q25
(Syllabus extension) “Phloem transports sucrose and amino acids.” Name two storage organs in plants where translocated food is stored. Why is companion cell important for sieve tube function?
❤️ Chapter 5: Transport in mammals Heart, blood vessels, blood groups & circulation
Mammalian heart structure, double circulation, capillaries, ABO & Rh system, disorders.
Q26
Describe the flow of deoxygenated blood from the vena cava to the lungs and back to the heart. Name all valves involved.
Q27
Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle? Explain with function.
Q28
A person has blood group O negative. (a) Which antigens and antibodies are present? (b) Can they receive blood from A positive? Why?
Q29
Explain how HIV attacks the immune system (specifically CD4 cells) and how that leads to AIDS.
Q30
Differentiate between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation. What is the role of tissue fluid?
Q31
Mention two lifestyle diseases of the circulatory system (e.g., hypertension, arteriosclerosis). Suggest preventive measures based on the TIE textbook.
🌬️ Chapter 6: Gas exchange & respiration Mammals, plants, aerobic/anaerobic
Alveoli, inhalation/exhalation, anaerobic respiration, oxygen debt, respiratory diseases.
Q32
Describe the mechanism of inhalation in humans (role of diaphragm and intercostal muscles). How does gas exchange occur across the alveolus?
Q33
Write the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration. Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient? Give an example of when it occurs in human muscles.
Q34
Explain the concept of “oxygen debt”. Why does breathing remain rapid after strenuous exercise?
Q35
How do plants exchange gases through stomata and lenticels? Compare the direction of gas movement during day vs night.
Q36
List three infectious diseases of the respiratory system. Choose one and explain its cause, symptoms, and prevention.
Q37
(Syllabus extension) Explain the effect of high altitude on the rate of gas exchange. Why do athletes sometimes train at high altitude?
🔬 Classification of living things & Cell structure Form One (Five kingdoms, binomial nomenclature, prokaryotes/eukaryotes)
Kingdoms Monera, Protocista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia; cell theory; specialized cells.
Q38
What are the main characteristics of kingdom Fungi? Give an example of a saprophytic fungus and its economic importance.
Q39
Write the scientific name of a human being, maize plant, and housefly. State the rules of binomial nomenclature.
Q40
Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Provide one example of each.
Q41
Draw a generalised plant cell and label: cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole, nucleus, mitochondria. State the function of each.
Q42
Explain why viruses are not included in the five-kingdom system. Mention two viral diseases affecting humans.
Q43
Describe the role of specialized cells: red blood cell, sperm cell, root hair cell and palisade cell.
Q44
List the taxonomic hierarchy from kingdom to species. Provide an example for a lion (Panthera leo).
🧪 Scientific processes & Food tests Form One & Two practical skills
Microscope use, observation, measurement, experimental design, food tests (Benedict’s, iodine, Biuret, ethanol emulsion).
Q45
A student wants to test a food sample for reducing sugars. Describe the procedure using Benedict’s solution. What colour change indicates a positive result?
Q46
Name the apparatus used to: (i) catch flying insects (ii) lift delicate specimens (iii) measure body temperature. State the SI unit for length and mass.
Q47
Outline the seven steps of the scientific method. Formulate a hypothesis for “earthworms prefer dark, moist soil”.
Q48
Explain why a control experiment is important when testing a hypothesis. Give an example from a photosynthesis experiment.
Q49
Calculate total magnification if eyepiece lens = 10× and objective lens = 40×. Why should one always start with low power on a microscope?
Q50
(Syllabus integrated) Design a simple experiment to test if light is necessary for starch formation in leaves. Include materials, procedure, and expected results (destarching, iodine test).
💡 *Syllabus reminder: Some topics like chemosynthesis, bioaccumulation, and health campaigns are encouraged; revisit practical skills for lab safety and accurate measurements.*
🧠 Integrated & Case Study Questions Critical thinking (Syllabus + beyond)
EQ1
A community relies on cassava and maize but lacks vegetables and animal protein. Many children show signs of kwashiorkor and night blindness. (a) Explain the link between diet and these conditions. (b) Propose a low-cost intervention using locally available nutrient sources.
EQ2
Compare the digestive adaptation of a goat (ruminant) and a human. How does the presence of cellulose-digesting bacteria affect their feeding strategy?
EQ3
During a marathon, an athlete experiences muscle cramps. Relate this to anaerobic respiration and oxygen debt. How does slow breathing after the race help?
EQ4
A plant is grown in a nutrient solution lacking magnesium. Predict the visible symptoms on leaves and explain using plant physiology.
EQ5
Based on the TIE syllabus, discuss the importance of studying Biology in relation to agriculture and medicine in Tanzania.
📖 Use your TIE student’s book (Form 1 & 2) to cross-check answers. Practice drawing diagrams: ❤️ heart, 🌿 xylem & phloem, 🫁 alveoli, 🌱 leaf structure. Good luck in your mock examination!
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