i. It looks like the answer is D. Laboratory.
- Explanation: You know how labs are set up for experiments? They usually need things like water, ways to heat stuff up, and good airflow, which is why they often have big windows and doors that open outwards (probably for safety!).
ii. The answer is B. Oviduct.
- Explanation: So, fertilization is when the sperm meets the egg, right? That usually happens in a little tube called the oviduct, which connects the ovary to the uterus.
iii. The answer is B. Skull.
- Explanation: Our brains are pretty delicate, so we've got a hard, bony case called the skull to keep them safe from bumps and knocks.
iv. The answer is B. Plastic bag.
- Explanation: If you don't have gloves and you need to avoid touching someone's blood, a plastic bag can act as a temporary barrier. It's not ideal, but it's better than nothing in a pinch.
v. The answer is D. Humerus.
- Explanation: The humerus is that long bone that goes from your shoulder to your elbow – basically, your upper arm bone.
vi. The answer is C. Dress Joseph's wound with bandage firmly.
- Explanation: If someone's bleeding, putting firm pressure on the wound with a bandage is a key step to help stop the flow.
vii. The answer is A. Isolating the patient.
- Explanation: Meningitis can spread from person to person, so isolating the patient helps to prevent others from getting sick.
viii. The answer is E. Shrubs Giraffe Lion Bacteria.
- Explanation: A food chain shows who eats whom, and how energy flows. In this case, shrubs are eaten by giraffes, giraffes are eaten by lions, and when they die, bacteria break them down.
x. The answer is C. U.T.I.
- Explanation: Those symptoms – the burning when you pee, cloudy urine, feeling like you can't empty your bladder, and a bad smell – they really point to a urinary tract infection, or UTI.
x. The answer is A. Mitochondrion.
- Explanation: Cells need energy to work, and they get it from a process called cellular respiration. This mostly happens in tiny organelles called mitochondria – you can think of them as the cell's powerhouses.
Matching Items
- i. A type of seed germination whereby cotyledons comes above the soil - E. Epigeal germination (This is where the seed leaves pop up above ground)
- ii. Pore which allows water into seed during germination - A. Micropyle (A little hole that lets water in to start the seed growing)
- iii. Inability of seed to germinate - D. Dormancy (When a seed is alive but not actively growing)
- iv. Prevent a viable seed to germinate - H. Hard seed coat (A tough outer layer can stop a seed from sprouting)
- v. A type of cell division whereby the daughter cell have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell - C. Mitosis (This is how cells make copies of themselves for growth and repair)
- vi. A type of cell division whereby daughter cells have half of the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell - B. Meiosis (This is how cells make sperm and eggs, which have half the usual number of chromosomes)
SECTION B: (54 Marks)
a. It seems like the two vessels are an artery and a vein. b. Arteries are like the high-pressure highways that carry blood away from the heart, which is why the blood flows out with force. Veins are more like the slower, lower-pressure roads that bring blood back to the heart. c. Here are five ways arteries and veins are different:
* Arteries: Think of them as taking blood *away* from the heart. * Veins: These bring blood *back* to the heart. * Arteries: They've got thicker, stronger walls to handle the pressure. * Veins: Their walls are thinner and more flexible. * Arteries: The space inside (the lumen) is narrower. * Veins: The space inside is wider. * Arteries: Blood flows through them at high pressure. * Veins: Blood flows through them at lower pressure. * Arteries: Usually don't have valves (except near the heart). * Veins: Have valves to stop blood from flowing backwards.a. Here's how the scientific method might apply to John's situation:
- i. Observation/Identifying the problem: John's not feeling well, so something's up.
- ii. Gathering information: The doctor asks him questions to get a better idea of what's going on.
- iii. Experimentation: The doctor orders tests – like checking his temperature and looking at his blood and urine – to gather evidence.
- iv. Data analysis: The lab technician looks at the blood sample and finds malaria parasites.
- v. Conclusion: Based on the evidence, the doctor figures out John has malaria and gives him the right medicine.
a. Photosynthesis is super important for animals in a few ways:
- It gives us the oxygen we need to breathe!
- It's the base of the food chain – plants make food, and we either eat the plants or eat animals that ate the plants.
- It helps keep the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the air balanced.
- Plants create habitats for lots of animals.
b. The small intestine is really good at absorbing nutrients because:
- It's got a huge surface area, thanks to all those tiny folds (villi and microvilli).
- Its walls are really thin, so nutrients can pass through easily.
- It has lots of blood vessels to quickly carry the nutrients away.
- It makes enzymes that help break down food.
- It has special vessels (lacteals) to absorb fats.
Okay, so if tongue rolling is a dominant trait, it means you only need one copy of the "tongue-rolling" gene to be able to do it. So, if the dad has at least one copy, all the kids will probably be able to roll their tongues too.
a. (You'd draw a flower here, labeling these parts)
- i. Filament: The thin stalk that holds up the anther (where pollen is made).
- ii. Stigma: The sticky top part of the pistil that catches pollen.
- iii. Style: The tube that connects the stigma to the ovary.
- iv. Petal: The colorful, often pretty part that attracts insects or other pollinators.
b. Here are some ways couples can plan their families:
- Figuring out the woman's fertile window (when she's most likely to get pregnant).
- Using barriers like condoms or diaphragms during sex.
- Taking hormonal birth control like the pill or injections.
- Using an IUD (a small device inserted into the uterus).
- Considering surgery to prevent pregnancy (vasectomy for men, tubal ligation for women).
Even though we eat a lot of carbs, our bodies have ways to keep the glucose levels in our blood pretty stable. Hormones like insulin help lower blood sugar, while others like glucagon help raise it when it gets too low.
SECTION C: (30 Marks)
(This would be an essay)
- What is drug abuse? Basically, it's when someone uses a drug in a way that's harmful to themselves or others.
- Why do people do it? There are lots of reasons – sometimes it's peer pressure, or trying to deal with stress, or just curiosity. Sometimes people don't really understand the risks.
- What are the effects? Drug abuse can cause all sorts of problems – health issues, relationship problems, money troubles, and so on.
- How can we stop it? Education is key, and so is helping people who are struggling with addiction. Laws and policies can also play a role.
(This would be an essay about how we use genetics)
- For example, we use it to test for genetic diseases, to develop new medicines, to breed better crops and animals, and even to help solve crimes (like with DNA fingerprinting).
(This would be an essay about why burning waste is bad)
- Burning trash releases harmful chemicals into the air, which can make people sick, especially with breathing problems. It also contributes to air pollution and climate change.
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