Question 1: Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) with a Meter Rule
This question investigates simple harmonic motion using a meter rule suspended by threads.
Objective: To determine the relationship between the period of oscillation of a suspended meter rule and the distance between the suspension points, and to calculate the acceleration due to gravity (g).
Procedure:
Students set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram, adjusting the length of the threads (L) and the distance between them (d).
They make the ruler swing and measure the time for a number of oscillations to find the period (T).
They repeat this process for different values of 'd'.
Measurements and Analysis:
Students record their measurements in a table, including values of d, t, T, and 1/d.
They plot a graph of T against 1/d.
They use the graph and a given formula to calculate the value of 'g'.
Physics Concepts: This question assesses understanding of:
Simple harmonic motion.
Period and frequency of oscillations.
Factors affecting the period of a physical pendulum.
Graphical analysis of data.
Calculation of acceleration due to gravity.
Question 2: Cooling Curve
This question examines the rate of cooling of a calorimeter under different conditions.
Objective: To investigate how the surface properties of a calorimeter affect its rate of cooling.
Procedure:
Students blacken the outer surface of a calorimeter and fill it with hot water, recording the temperature as it cools.
They then repeat the experiment with the calorimeter covered in metal foil.
Measurements and Analysis:
Students draw a diagram of the experimental setup.
They record their temperature and time measurements in tables.
They plot cooling curves for both the blackened and foiled calorimeter on the same axes.
They determine the time taken for the water to cool from 80°C to 75°C for each case and compare the results.
Physics Concepts: This question assesses understanding of:
Heat transfer, specifically cooling.
The effect of surface properties (black vs. reflective) on heat radiation.
Experimental technique in calorimetry.
Graphical representation and interpretation of cooling curves.
Question 3: Resistance of a Material
This question focuses on determining the resistance of a material (aluminum foil) using a meter bridge.
Context: The question is framed within the context of electroplating in a car manufacturing industry.
Objective: To measure the resistance of an aluminum foil sample and then estimate the resistance of a larger sheet of the same material.
Procedure:
Students set up a meter bridge circuit with the aluminum foil and a standard resistor connected in parallel.
They vary the resistance in a resistance box and find the balancing length on the meter bridge for each resistance value.
Measurements and Analysis:
Students draw a circuit diagram of their setup.
They tabulate their results, including the reciprocal of the balancing length (1/L).
They derive the equation governing the experiment (based on the meter bridge principle and parallel resistances).
They plot a graph of 1/L against the resistance.
They determine the gradient of the graph.
They use the gradient and other information to estimate the resistance of a larger aluminum sheet.
Physics Concepts: This question assesses understanding of:
Electrical circuits.
Resistance and resistivity.
The meter bridge principle.
Resistors in parallel.
Data analysis and graph interpretation to determine resistance
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