KILIMANJARO MOCK EXAMINATION
GEOGRAPHY COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS
SECTION A (16 Marks)
Multiple Choice Questions
(i) Answer: B. Tropical forest
Explanation: Bugati village has year-round rainfall and dense forests, characteristic of tropical rainforests found near the equator (e.g., Amazon, Congo Basin).
Other options:
A. Temperate forests (moderate climates, e.g., Europe).
C. Mangrove forests (coastal saline water).
D. Coniferous forests (cold regions, e.g., Canada).
(ii) Answer: B. Presence of swallow holes
Explanation: In limestone regions (karst landscapes), water drains underground through swallow holes, leaving no surface drainage.
(iii) Answer: B. Forest, Tropical grassland, and thickets
Explanation: Tanzania’s natural vegetation includes montane forests, savannah grasslands, and miombo woodlands.
(iv) Answer: B. Soil creep
Explanation: Slow movement of soil causing bent trees/fences is soil creep, a mass wasting process due to gravity and water saturation.
(v) Answer: B. Overgrazing and deforestation
Explanation: Human activities like overgrazing and deforestation remove vegetation cover, exposing soil to erosion.
(vi) Answer: B. Bagamoyo 49°E
Explanation: Places farther east experience sunrise earlier due to Earth’s rotation. Bagamoyo (49°E) is east of Dar es Salaam (45°E).
(vii) Answer: B. Magnetic North
Explanation: A compass needle points to magnetic north, which differs slightly from true geographic north.
(viii) Answer: B. Subtracting 32 degrees and dividing by 0.6
Formula: °C = (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8 (or multiply by 5/9).
(ix) Answer: C. Freeze-thaw action resulting in sapping and plucking
Explanation: A cirque forms when freeze-thaw weathering enlarges a hollow at a glacier’s head.
(x) Answer: B. Fertility, mortality, migration
Explanation: Population changes due to births (fertility), deaths (mortality), and movement (migration).
SECTION B (54 Marks)
Question 3: Mapwork (Arusha Sheet 55/3)
i. Factors influencing Arusha’s location:
Water availability – Proximity to rivers (e.g., Themi River).
Transport routes – Major roads (e.g., A23 highway) and railways.
Economic activities – Tourism (near Serengeti/Kilimanjaro) and agriculture.
ii. Dominant transport:
Road transport (evidenced by dense road networks on the map).
iii. Settlement pattern:
Nucleated pattern (clustered settlements around resources like water and roads).
iv. Economic activities:
Agriculture – Presence of plantations (coffee, maize).
Tourism – Proximity to national parks.
Trade – Market centers along transport routes.
v. Distance calculation:
Use scale (e.g., 1:50,000) to measure grid distance (e.g., 10 cm = 5 km).
Question 4: Data Interpretation (Coastal Region Crops)
(a) Mean cotton production:
Calculation: (5,200 + 4,700 + 9,800 + 7,000 + 5,700) ÷ 5 = 6,480 tons.
(b) Trend analysis:
Sisal: Steady increase (21,250 → 23,100 tons).
Cotton: Fluctuating (peak in 2002 at 9,800 tons).
Coffee: Declined after 2002 (8,500 → 4,660 tons).
(c) Divergent line graph:
X-axis: Years (2000–2004).
Y-axis: Production (tons).
Plot points for cotton and label axes.
Question 5: Research on Biodiversity Loss
(a) Type of research:
Field research (primary data collection).
(b) Research problem:
"What are the causes and impacts of biodiversity loss at Mkombozi Secondary School?"
(c) Research objectives:
Identify human activities causing biodiversity loss.
Assess the ecological impact of species decline.
(d) Reasons for preliminary study:
Understand existing knowledge.
Identify research gaps.
Plan methodologies.
Save time/resources.
(e) Research stage:
Literature review (secondary data collection).
Question 6: Land Surveying in Tanzania
(a) Purposes:
Land ownership documentation (reduce disputes).
Urban planning (e.g., infrastructure development).
Resource management (e.g., agricultural zoning).
(b) Preparations:
Obtain government permits.
Train survey teams.
Gather tools (GPS, theodolites).
(c) Team duties:
Leader: Coordinate fieldwork.
Technician: Operate equipment.
Recorder: Document measurements.
Question 7: Photograph Analysis
(a) Type of photograph:
Ground-level photograph (shows detailed crop close-up).
(b) Title:
"Cashew Nut Plantation in Coastal Tanzania."
(c) Regions for cultivation:
Mtwara
Lindi
Pwani
Tanga
(d) Growth conditions:
Climate: Hot, humid (25–30°C).
Soil: Well-drained sandy loam.
(e) Scale:
Large scale (shows fine details of crops).
(f) Economic contributions:
Exports: Tanzania is a top global cashew producer.
Employment: Supports 300,000+ farmers.
Question 8: Physical Geography
(a) Exfoliation dome formation:
Diurnal temperature changes cause rock layers to expand/contract.
Outer layers peel off (exfoliate) due to pressure release.
Result: Dome-shaped rock (e.g., Half Dome, USA).
(b) Weathering factors:
Climate: Freeze-thaw in cold areas; chemical weathering in tropics.
Rock type: Limestone dissolves easily; granite resists weathering.
Vegetation: Roots accelerate mechanical weathering.
SECTION C (30 Marks)
Question 9: Agriculture & Tanzania’s GDP
Key Points:
Cash crops: Coffee, cotton, cashews dominate exports.
Employment: 65% of Tanzanians work in agriculture.
Challenges: Climate change, poor infrastructure.
Market access: EAC/SADC trade agreements boost demand.
Conclusion:
Agriculture drives Tanzania’s economy, but diversification is needed for sustainability.
Question 10: Environmental Conservation
Advice for Citizens:
Reforestation: Plant trees to combat soil erosion.
Waste management: Recycle plastics/glass.
Water conservation: Fix leaks, harvest rainwater.
Renewable energy: Use solar/wind power.
Sustainable farming: Avoid overgrazing/pesticides.
Awareness campaigns: Educate communities.
Question 11: Mining in South Africa
(a) Mineral distribution:
Gold & Platinum: Witwatersrand Basin.
Diamonds: Kimberley.
Coal: Mpumalanga.
(b) Favourable factors:
Rich deposits: Abundant mineral resources.
Infrastructure: Railways/ports for export.
Skilled labour: Long mining history.
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