MITIHANI POPOTE EXAMINATION SERIES
TOPIC TEST: THEORIES
- Explain the evidences, importance, effects, and landforms of Isostacy theory.
- Explain the causes, mechanism, evidences, and effects of plate tectonic theory.
- Explain the evidences, weaknesses, and effects of continental drifting theory.
- To what extent can you use the theory of isostacy to explain the formation of landforms?
- Explain various landforms associated with plate tectonic movements.
- Continental drifting theory is irrelevant to the African continent. Explain.
- Continental drifting theory is a pseudo science. Explain.
- Explain the effects and evidences of isostatic movements.
- With evidence, explain the ocean floor spreading theory.
- Plate tectonic theory is a new version of continental drifting theory. Explain.
- Show the relevance of continental drifting theory to the African continent.
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```htmlTOPIC TEST: THEORIES – Questions with Answers & Diagrams
1. Explain the evidences, importance, effects, and landforms of Isostasy theory.
Answer:
- Evidences: Uplift of land after glacier melt, equilibrium between crust and mantle.
- Importance: Explains vertical crustal movements, mountain formation, and stability.
- Effects: Formation of raised beaches, land uplift, and depression.
- Landforms: Fjords, block mountains, rift valleys, raised platforms.
2. Explain the causes, mechanism, evidences, and effects of plate tectonic theory.
Answer:
- Causes: Mantle convection, slab pull, and ridge push.
- Mechanism: Earth's lithosphere is divided into plates that move over the asthenosphere.
- Evidences: Earthquake zones, mid-ocean ridges, volcano chains, continental fit.
- Effects: Formation of mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes, ocean trenches.
More questions and answers coming soon...
```html3. Explain the evidences, weaknesses, and effects of continental drifting theory.
Answer:
- Evidences: Fit of continents (e.g., South America & Africa), fossil similarities, rock formations, glacial deposits.
- Weaknesses: Lack of mechanism at the time (Wegener couldn't explain how continents moved), rejection by some geologists.
- Effects: Formation of oceans, mountain ranges, and rift valleys.
4. To what extent can you use the theory of isostasy to explain the formation of landforms?
Answer:
- The theory helps explain vertical movements of Earth's crust due to loading and unloading (e.g. glaciation).
- Landforms like block mountains, rift valleys, and raised beaches form due to isostatic adjustments.
- However, isostasy does not explain horizontal movements like folding and faulting—so it’s limited in full landscape formation.
5. Explain various landforms associated with plate tectonic movements.
Answer:
- Divergent boundaries: Mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys.
- Convergent boundaries: Fold mountains (e.g. Himalayas), ocean trenches, volcanic arcs.
- Transform boundaries: Fault lines (e.g. San Andreas Fault).
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6. Continental drifting theory is irrelevant to the African continent. Explain.
Answer:
- This claim is incorrect. The theory explains well how Africa was once part of Pangaea.
- Evidence includes matching rock formations and fossils across African and South American coasts.
- African rift valley system is an example of continental splitting still in progress.
7. Continental drifting theory is a pseudo science. Explain.
Answer:
- Initially labeled pseudo-science due to lack of a mechanism to explain movement.
- Later supported by plate tectonic theory which provided scientific evidence.
- Now widely accepted due to modern geological data (e.g., seafloor spreading, paleomagnetism).
8. Explain the effects and evidences of isostatic movements.
[15:38, 7/17/2025] ChatGPT:Answer:
- Evidences: Raised beaches, tilted coastlines, post-glacial uplift.
- Effects: Crustal uplift/subsidence, formation of lakes, re-adjustment of river systems.
9. With evidence, explain the ocean floor spreading theory.
Answer:
- Proposed by Harry Hess, it explains formation of new ocean crust at mid-ocean ridges.
- Evidence: Magnetic striping, age of ocean rocks increases with distance from ridge.
- Supports plate tectonic theory and movement of continents.
10. Plate tectonic theory is a new version of continental drifting theory. Explain.
Answer:
- Plate tectonics built upon Wegener’s idea of drifting continents, adding mechanisms (mantle convection, slab pull).
- It integrates both oceanic and continental movements under one unified theory. [15:38, 7/17/2025] ChatGPT:
- Modern data confirms plate boundaries, supporting both theories.
11. Show the relevance of continental drifting theory to the African continent.
Answer:
- Helps explain how Africa once fit with other continents in supercontinent Pangaea.
- Supports fossil and geological similarities with other continents.
- Explains current formation of East African Rift as a zone of continental drift.
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