History 2 Examination
Series 3 - Comprehensive Answers
Instructions: This paper consists of seven (7) questions. Answer a total of five (5) questions. Question number one (1) is compulsory. Write your examination number on every page of your answer sheet provided.
Series 3 Questions and Answers
1
Assess six contributions of population expansion towards the developments of European capitalism
- Increased labor supply: Growing populations provided the workforce needed for industrialization and agricultural production.
- Expanded consumer markets: Larger populations created greater demand for goods, stimulating production and trade.
- Urbanization: Population growth accelerated city development, creating centers of commerce and industry.
- Technological innovation: Pressure to feed and supply growing populations drove agricultural and industrial innovations.
- Colonial expansion: Population pressures contributed to European emigration and colonial ventures for resources.
- Capital accumulation: Larger populations enabled greater savings and investment through expanded economic activity.
Historical Context
Europe's population grew from about 140 million in 1750 to 400 million by 1900, coinciding with the Industrial Revolution and capitalist expansion.
2
How far was a Paris peace conference a justifiable explanation for the inevitability of dictatorship states? (six points)
- Harsh Treaty of Versailles: Created economic desperation in Germany that extremist leaders exploited.
- National humiliation: War guilt clause fueled nationalist resentment and desire for strong leadership.
- Border changes: Created ethnic tensions and minority problems in new states.
- Economic instability: Reparations and territorial losses weakened economies, making authoritarian solutions appealing.
- Failure of democracy: New democratic governments created by the conference struggled with postwar challenges.
- Soviet exclusion: Alienated Russia and contributed to its isolation and authoritarian development.
3
The United States of Africa was the major benefiter of the two Global wars. Discuss with six points
- Industrial expansion: War production boosted American industry and ended the Great Depression.
- Technological advancement: War-driven research led to postwar technological leadership.
- Economic dominance: Emerged as the world's leading creditor nation with strongest economy.
- Political influence: Became a superpower with global leadership role.
- Military power: Developed the world's most powerful military establishment.
- Cultural spread: American culture gained global influence during and after the wars.
Note
While the US suffered casualties, its homeland was untouched by war damage, unlike European and Asian combatants.
4
Discuss six events that lead to the 1870 Berlin Congress
- Scramble for Africa: Growing European competition for African territories.
- King Leopold's claims: Belgian king's private claims to Congo territory.
- Portuguese protests: Portugal's objections to other powers' claims in Africa.
- Bismarck's initiative: German chancellor sought to mediate colonial disputes.
- Explorers' treaties: Numerous conflicting treaties signed with African rulers.
- Commercial interests: European merchants demanded government protection.
5
Examine six challenges faced Tanzania Marxist Ideology of 1967
- Peasant resistance: Rural farmers resisted collectivization and villagization.
- Economic inefficiency: State-run enterprises were often unproductive.
- Foreign opposition: Western nations and donors opposed socialist policies.
- Bureaucratic challenges: Lack of skilled administrators for socialist programs.
- Drought and famine: Agricultural disruptions worsened food security.
- Global economic shifts: 1970s oil crises hurt Tanzania's economy.
6
The creation of the New State of Israel in the Middle East Precipitated the conflict between the Israel and Arab State. Justify your answer with six points
- UN Partition Plan (1947): Arab states rejected the division of Palestine.
- Displacement of Palestinians: 700,000 Palestinians became refugees.
- Arab nationalism: Saw Israel as a Western colonial imposition.
- Religious tensions: Conflict over holy sites in Jerusalem.
- Water resources: Competition for scarce water supplies.
- Superpower involvement: US supported Israel while USSR backed Arab states.
7
Although the Brandt Report carried good ideas on helping the Developing countries but registered no immediate improvements in the economic situation of the South. Substantiate the statement by giving six reasons
- Lack of political will: Northern countries didn't implement recommendations.
- Debt crisis: 1980s debt problems overwhelmed developing nations.
- Structural adjustment: IMF policies contradicted Brandt's proposals.
- Cold War priorities: Superpowers focused on geopolitical struggles.
- Commodity price collapse: Hurt export-dependent developing economies.
- Implementation failures: Weak institutions in developing countries.
Brandt Report (1980)
Proposed North-South economic cooperation, debt relief, and fair trade terms, but was largely ignored during the neoliberal 1980s.
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