MITIHANI POPOTE EXAMINATIONS SERIES FORM FOUR BIOLOGY EXAMINATION SERIES 5 (With Marking Scheme)

MITIHANI POPOTE EXAMINATIONS SERIES

FORM FOUR BIOLOGY EXAMINATION SERIES 5

Instructions:

• Answer ALL questions in Section A and B
• Answer two (2) questions from Section C
• Write your answers clearly and neatly

SECTION A (15 Marks)

1. Multiple Choice Questions

For each of the following (i-x) choose the correct answer from among given alternatives:

(i) Which of the following happens if blood supply to the brain is reduced?
A. Vomiting B. Fainting C. Yawning
D. Shivering E. Chocking

(ii) One of the following characteristics used to identify producer in the ecosystem is
A. Feeding on ready-made food
B. Growing in the fertile soil
C. Feeding on other organism
D. Making their own food
E. Feed on plants only

(iii) Oxygen passing from the atmosphere into the blood of the mammal takes one of the following routes. Which one?
A. Trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
B. Trachea - bronchioles - bronchi-alveoli
C. Bronchi - bronchioles - trachea- alveoli
D. Bronchioles - bronchi - trachea - alveoli
E. Bronchi - Bronchioles - trachea - alveoli

(iv) Which of the following glands secrete both digestive enzymes and hormones
A. Salivary gland B. Sweat gland C. Pancreas
D. Adrenal gland E. Pituitary gland

(v) The following parts of a leaf have chloroplast except one, which one?
A. Guard cell B. Palisade layer C. Cuticle
D. Spongy mesophyll E. Epidermis

(vi) Which among the following is not nutritional disorder?
A. Anemia B. Goitre C. Asthma
D. Night blindness E. Marasmus

(vii) The structure that allow some material to enter inside the cell
A. Cell wall B. Nucleus C. Cytoplasm
D. Cell membrane E. Vacuole

(viii) In mammals and birds, growth stops when body size or age is reached the type of growth is called
A. Intermittent growth
B. Determinant growth
C. Diffused growth
D. Indeterminate growth
E. Localised growth

(ix) Which of the following does not pass across the placenta from mother to the foetus?
A. Oxygen B. Red Blood cell C. Antibodies
D. Water E. Vitamins

(x) A rise in the body temperature of human body is corrected by:-
A. Dilation of the skin arteries and sweating
B. Constriction of the skin arteries and shivering
C. Dilation of the skin arteries and shivering
D. Constriction of the skin arteries and sweating
E. Sweating and shivering

2. Matching Items

Match the items in List A with responses in List B:

List A

(i) A gap through which impulses pass when travelling from one neurone to another

(ii) Control and coordinate body balancing organs, thus making accurate movement possible

(iii) Concerned with the reasoning, intelligence and judgment

(iv) Receive impulses and give appropriate response to stimuli

(v) Transmits impulses away from the spinal cord

List B

Cerebrum

Effectors

Node of Ranvier

Relay neurons

Receptor

Synapse

Motor neurons

Cerebellum

SECTION B (60 Marks)

3. First Aid Scenario

John accidentally fall in the class and was found that he was not breathing, the students helped him to recover from breathing

(a) What is the name of the process done by students

(b) What are the qualities of the students who gave the process? Give any two qualities

(c) What were reasons of giving the process above? Give any three reasons

4. Classification

(a) What do you understand by the term Binomial nomenclature?

(b) Give (2) advantages of scientific naming of living organisms

(c) Why viruses are difficult to be grouped into any rank of classification?

5. Excretory System

(a) What is the difference in structure between afferent and efferent arterioles?

(b) Explain how the difference above helps in ultra filtration

(c) Explain two functions of urethra in male mammals

(d) Mention two (2) biological importance of excretion

6. Shoulder Joint

[Diagram of human shoulder joint would be inserted here]

Parts labeled A to E

(a) Name the parts labeled A to E

(b) State the role of Part A

(c) In which ways does this joint differ from
(i) Knee joints
(ii) Joint of the skull

(d) Give the name of joint of the above structure

7. Genetics

(a) State Mendel's first law of inheritance

(b) In monohybrid cross, a rabbit that was homozygous for brown hairs was mated with another one which was homozygous for white hairs. Each of the F1 offspring had a mixture of brown and white hairs

(i) Explain the absence of any one F1 offspring with only either brown or white hair

(ii) Suppose there mating between F1 female rabbit with F1 male rabbit what will be the phenotype and genotype of F2 generation (Use guide table symbol)

8. HIV/AIDS

(a) Give the meaning of
(i) PLWHA
(ii) STIs

(b) Suppose you are living with a person who has HIV/AIDS. Give four (4) points on how you can care and support that HIV (AIDS) victim.

SECTION C (30 Marks)

Answer two(2) questions from this section.

9. Importance of Bacteria

Bacteria are said to be very important in human's daily life. Discuss (6 points).

10. Success of Arthropods

Arthropods are most successful organisms worldwide. Give six strong reasons for their successfulness.

11. Fern Life Cycle

Explain the life cycle of fern plant by giving six points, diagram is necessary.

FORM FOUR BIOLOGY EXAMINATION ANSWERS

SERIES 5

SECTION A ANSWERS (15 Marks)

1. Multiple Choice Answers

1. B. Fainting
2. D. Making their own food
3. A. Trachea - bronchi - bronchioles - alveoli
4. C. Pancreas
5. C. Cuticle
6. C. Asthma
7. D. Cell membrane
8. B. Determinant growth
9. B. Red Blood cell
10. A. Dilation of the skin arteries and sweating

2. Matching Items Answers

List A	List B
(i) A gap through which impulses pass when travelling from one neurone to another	Synapse
(ii) Control and coordinate body balancing organs, thus making accurate movement possible	Cerebellum
(iii) Concerned with the reasoning, intelligence and judgment	Cerebrum
(iv) Receive impulses and give appropriate response to stimuli	Effectors
(v) Transmits impulses away from the spinal cord	Motor neurons

SECTION B ANSWERS (60 Marks)

3. First Aid Scenario

(a) Artificial respiration (mouth-to-mouth resuscitation)

(b) Qualities:

1. Knowledge of first aid procedures
2. Quick thinking and calmness under pressure

(c) Reasons:

1. To maintain oxygen supply to the brain
2. To prevent brain damage from oxygen deprivation
3. To sustain life until professional medical help arrives

4. Classification

(a) Binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming species using two Latin names (genus and species)

(b) Advantages:

1. Provides universal understanding among scientists worldwide
2. Shows evolutionary relationships between organisms

(c) Viruses are difficult to classify because they exhibit both living and non-living characteristics and lack cellular structure

5. Excretory System

(a) Afferent arteriole is wider than efferent arteriole

(b) The diameter difference creates high pressure in the glomerulus, forcing filtration of blood

(c) Urethra functions:

1. Conducts urine from bladder to exterior
2. In males, also serves as passage for semen during ejaculation

(d) Importance of excretion:

1. Removes toxic metabolic wastes
2. Maintains homeostasis (water and salt balance)

6. Shoulder Joint

[Diagram of human shoulder joint would be inserted here]

(a) Parts labeled:

1. Humerus
2. Scapula
3. Clavicle
4. Synovial membrane
5. Joint capsule

(b) Role of Part A (Humerus): Forms the ball part of the ball-and-socket joint

(c) Differences:

(i) Knee joint: Hinge joint (allows movement in one plane only)

(ii) Skull joint: Fibrous joint (immovable)

(d) Joint type: Ball-and-socket joint

7. Genetics

(a) Mendel's First Law: Law of Segregation - alleles segregate during gamete formation

(b)(i) The F1 offspring show codominance where both alleles are expressed equally

(b)(ii) F2 generation:

Genotype	Phenotype	Ratio
BB	Brown hairs	1
BW	Mixed brown and white hairs	2
WW	White hairs	1

8. HIV/AIDS

(a) Meanings:

(i) PLWHA: People Living With HIV/AIDS

(ii) STIs: Sexually Transmitted Infections

(b) Care and support:

1. Provide emotional support and reduce stigma
2. Ensure adherence to antiretroviral therapy
3. Maintain good nutrition and hygiene
4. Accompany to medical appointments when needed

SECTION C ANSWERS (30 Marks)

9. Importance of Bacteria

1. Decomposition of organic matter (nutrient recycling)
2. Food production (yogurt, cheese, vinegar)
3. Digestion (gut microbiome aids in nutrient absorption)
4. Biotechnology (production of insulin, antibiotics)
5. Nitrogen fixation (enrich soil fertility)
6. Sewage treatment (break down organic waste)

10. Success of Arthropods

1. Exoskeleton provides protection and prevents water loss
2. Jointed appendages allow diverse movement
3. Small size enables exploitation of various habitats
4. High reproductive capacity ensures species survival
5. Metamorphosis reduces competition between life stages
6. Efficient respiratory systems (tracheae, book lungs)

11. Fern Life Cycle

[Diagram showing alternation of generations in ferns]

1. Mature sporophyte produces spores through meiosis
2. Spores germinate to form haploid gametophyte (prothallus)
3. Gametophyte produces both male (antheridia) and female (archegonia) organs
4. Sperm from antheridia fertilizes egg in archegonium (requires water)
5. Zygote develops into new sporophyte
6. Cycle continues with alternation between sporophyte and gametophyte generations